Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) is a technology that allows Diesel Submarines to operate without having to surface or use a snorkel to access atmospheric oxygen . Fuel-cell technology is probably the state of the art in AIP. The correct term is Air Independent Power, not Propulsion, as the various AIP devices do not propel the submarine. Stirling AIP. Today the Stirling Engine has a lot of potential but is only used in special applications. Unlike RTGs, fuel cells use safe materials and their reaction rate can be controlled to limit waste heat. A fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, and has almost no moving parts. As such, the proven and affordable Stirling Engine-based AIP technology, paired with the class’s large size and ample fuel reservoirs, was a good, balanced fit for their needs. As a matter of fact, hybrid systems formed by Stirling engine and atmospherically operated molten carbonate fuel cell are as efficient as some pressurized fuel cell and gas turbine systems developed in the past and currently undergoing tests programs .

Batteries The submerged endurance will be more than 18 days at 5 knots using AIP. Air-independent propulsion (AIP) is the answer. What makes the Stirling engines unique is that they do not use internal combustion like many other engines. Siemens has developed a 30-50 kilowatt fuel cell unit.

SINAVY PEM fuel Cell AIP.

Stirling Heat Engine.
Stirling-AIP works burning pure oxygen and diesel fuel in a pressurized combustion chamber. A fuel cell-based AIP system using nanofibres promis-es to become a great alternative.
Stirling AIP technology has subsequently been incorporated into numerous Japanese and Chinese submarines, while Germany and France developed more expensive fuel-cell and steam-turbine based AIP submarines instead. Our proven HDW fuel cell system delivers a unique AIP solution for direct integration into non-nuclear submarines.

The Type 214 Submarine is being built by Kockums and HDW and will use two AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) systems - Fuel Cell and Stirling. A fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, and has almost no moving parts.

AIP system options based on a 600 kW, 12.6 MWh power generation requirement. Naval Group is proud to present an alternative to old generations of AIP with closed cycle, hydrides storing hydrogen, unsafe & toxic fuels. Typically, the anode is Co-ZrO2 or Ni-ZrO2 cermet, … Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC): The electrolyte in this fuel cell is a solid, nonporous metal oxide, usually Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2.

See Submarine Matters Air independent propulsion (AIP) Technologies and Selection, August 5, 2014 which compares the strengths and weaknesses of AIP technologies, including Stirling engine, PEM Fuel Cell and MESMA. with an additional fuel-cell power plant during refit, and so acquire the benefits of air-independent propulsion (AIP) at a much lower price than for acquiring a new AIP-sub-The impressive advantage of the AIP Technology, which is basing on fuel-cells, has been demonstrated on board of submarines of classes 212A, 214, and Dolphin AIP. LIB doesn't exclude the use of AIP of any type, be it fuel cell, Stirling, etc.

Special brandstoffen cause of their low (80°C) operating temperature. Source SAAB. Submarine Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) Systems Market Analysis, By Region 5.1 North America 5.2 Europe 5.3 Asia-Pacific 5.4 Rest of the World 6. Type 212 submarine with fuel cell propulsion of the German Navy in dock.

Stirling engines are the most efficient engines; they work on thermal differences; the higher the temperature difference between the hot point and the cold point, the more efficient the stirling works. Fuel cells are already seeing a number of promising applications in the space and automotive industries, and many authorities believe that fuel cells offer the best potential for developing more capable AIP systems in the future. The combustion pressure is higher than the surrounding seawater pressure, thereby allowing the exhaust products to, dissolved in seawater, to be discharged overboard without using a compressor. Unusually it is armed with both … The submerged endurance is …

MESMA AIP. Like most Swedish subs the boat is small and optimized for the Baltic Sea. Fuel Cell.

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